Perubahan Tense: Jika kalimat utama menggunakan past tense, tense dalam kalimat yang dilaporkan biasanya juga berubah menjadi bentuk lampau.
Perubahan Kata Ganti: Kata ganti dalam kalimat asli diubah untuk mencerminkan sudut pandang pembicara.
Perubahan Kata Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat: Kata keterangan waktu dan tempat sering kali perlu diubah untuk mencerminkan konteks waktu dan tempat yang berbeda.
Contoh Perubahan Tense
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present Simple: "I eat an apple."
Past Simple: He said (that) he ate an apple.
Present Continuous: "I am eating an apple."
Past Continuous: He said (that) he was eating an apple.
Present Perfect: "I have eaten an apple."
Past Perfect: He said (that) he had eaten an apple.
Past Simple: "I ate an apple."
Past Perfect: He said (that) he had eaten an apple.