Network
INFOTEMANGGUNG.COM - Berikut contoh soal UTBK literasi Bahasa Inggris dengan kunci jawaban dan pembahasannya, soal pilihan ganda SNBT 2023.
Pada UTBK 2022, literasi bahasa Inggris menjadi materi tes tersendiri, demikian juga di Tes Skolastik UTBK SNBT 2023 nanti, salah satu tes yang akan diujikan adalah contoh soal UTBK literasi Bahasa Inggris yang akan kita pelajari ini.
Baca Juga: Contoh Soal Ujian Seni Budaya Kelas 12 dengan Kunci Jawaban untuk Teman Belajar
Kenyataan ini menunjukkan pentingnya kemampuan bahasa Inggris untuk mendukung pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi kelak. Salah satunya melalui Tes Skolastik UTBK - 2023.
Literasi Bahasa Inggris merupakan tes dalam memahami bahasa asing (Inggris). Tes ini diujikan untuk melihat kemampuan Bahasa Inggris calon mahasiswa sebagai hal penting guna mendukung pembelajaran di jenjang selanjutnya.
Tes Literasi Bahasa Inggris akan menguji kemampuan calon mahasiswa terkait pemahaman bacaan, berikut ini contoh soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris. Ayo mulai dipelajari.
Contoh Soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris
Soal 1. Topik: General Information
The question is based on the following passage.
TikTok is often applauded for its recommendation system; once it’s finely tuned, the app becomes one of the best scrolling experiences.
My personal theory is that’s why TikTok is so addicting — everything is so perfectly curated to your specific interests, it’s hard to put the phone down once you’re sucked in.
However, TikTok’s recommendation algorithm still has its own flaws that the company brings up in its new blog post.
“One of the inherent challenges with recommendation engines is that they can inadvertently limit user experience–what is sometimes referred to as a ‘filter bubble’,” the post reads. It states that by optimizing for personalization and relevance, there is a risk of presenting an increasingly homogenous stream of videos.
Another issue that TikTok takes seriously is not surfacing dangerous content. This is an issue that YouTube in particular has faced criticism over for many years. According to TikTok, content that has graphic material like medical procedures or “legal consumption of regulated goods,” like alcohol, may not be eligible for recommendation because it could come across as “shocking if surfaced as a recommended video to a general audience”.
That’s why many creators on TikTok will upload a video more than once or talk openly about feeling shadow banned over particular content.
The writer of the passage intends to ...
A. Illustrate TikTok users' concerns about the apps recommendation system
B. Oppose the idea that TikTok has a sophisticated recommendation system
C. Warn the readers about TikTok’s poor recommendation system
D. Inform about the downsides of TikTok's recommendation system
E. Explain how TikTok resolves the recommendation system issue
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: D
Pembahasan:
Yang ditanyakan soal ialah tujuan penulis menuliskan teks tersebut.
Tujuan seorang penulis tercermin dari topik dan kesimpulan yang terdapat di dalam tulisannya. Oleh sebab itu, pembaca perlu memahami 2 hal itu lebih dulu supaya bisa menentukan tujuan penulis.
Di paragraf pertama teks bacaan, penulis memperkenalkan sistem rekomendasi aplikasi TikTok dan menyebutkan bahwa sistem tersebut masih mempunyai kekurangan. Pada paragraf kedua, penulis menyebutkan kekurangan yang pertama, yakni membatasi pengalaman pengguna.
Lalu di paragraf ketiga, penulis membahas kekurangan lain TikTok, yakni ketidakmunculan video-video tertentu yang mengandung konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok. Kebijakan itu membuat para pembuat video merasa dilarang secara diam-diam.
Mengamati topik-topik setiap paragraf itu, bisa disimpulkan bahwa tujuan penulis ialah menjabarkan kekurangan-kekurangan sistem rekomendasi TikTok.
Dengan begitu, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.
Soal 2. Topik: General Information
Read the text and answer the question!
Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.”
Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation.
Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
What is the author’s attitude towards the topic of the passage?
A. Concerned
B. Critical
C. Informative
D. Satisfied
E. Optimistic
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: C
Pembahasan:
Soal bertanya mengenai sikap penulis terhadap teks itu.
Sikap penulis dalam sebuah wacana dinyatakan dengan kata sifat, seperti yang terlihat pada pilihan jawaban yang tersedia. Agar mbisa enentukan kata sifat yang tepat, calon mahasiswa perlu memperhatikan hal-hal seperti pilihan kata, jenis kalimat (kalimat fakta atau opini), asumsi, kesimpulan, dan keberpihakan penulis baik tersurat ataupun tersirat dalam tulisannya.
Teks bacaan menunjukan bahwa topik pembicaraan penulis ialah peristiwa gempa bumi. Di paragraf pertama, penulis memberikan definisi serta menjelaskan proses terjadinya gempa bumi. Di paragraf selanjutnya, penulis berbicara mengenai bidang keilmuan seismologi serta terobosan yang dicapainya.
Di kedua paragraf itu, penulis secara konsisten memakai kalimat-kalimat bersifat faktual. Disamping itu, tidak ada kalimat, frasa, atau kata yang memperlihatkan reaksi pribadi penulis terhadap topik yang dibicarakannya.
Dari lima pilihan kata sifat yang tersedia, kata informative merupakan kata yang paling tepat menggambarkan sikap penulis.
Dengan begitu, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah C.
Soal 3. Topik: General Information
Read the text and answer the question!
Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.”
Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation.
Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ….
A. suggestions to emerge the seismology to detect the earthquake
B. examples of the substantial damage that caused by the earthquake
C. the development of seismology to identify the earthquake earlier
D. factors that cause the earthquake and seismic wave
E. the reason why we need the seismology
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: B
Pembahasan:
Soal bertanya tentang topik yang kemungkinan besar dibahas pada paragraf selanjutnya sesudah teks tersebut.
Dalam suatu wacana, topik sebuah paragraf lanjutan mesti padu dengan topik paragraf sebelumnya. Untuk menguji kepaduan ini, pembaca dapat melihat pada bagian penutup paragraf dan bagian awal paragraf selanjutnya.
Kepaduan dua paragraf itu akan terlihat dari bagian-bagian tersebut. Bagian penutup paragraf terakhir di teks bacaan adalah kalimat over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
Kalimat penutup ini berbicara tentang akibat gempa, yakni hilangnya nyawa manusia dan kerusakan-kerusakan properti. Dari 5 pilihan topik yang tersedia, topik yang paling padu dengan kalimat ini ialah examples of the substantial damage that caused by the earthquake. Paragraf dengan topik tersebut akan menjadi paragraf yang padu dengan paragraf terakhir di dalam teks bacaan.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah B.
Soal 4. Topik: Understanding Specific Information
Read the text and answer the question!
Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.”
Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth.
Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
What will happen when seismic waves pass through Earth’s rocks?
A. It will answer why and how earthquakes occur.
B. It may cause an earthquake.
C. It will store some form of energy in Earth’s crust.
D. The masses of rock will slip.
E. It may produce seismic waves.
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: B
Pembahasan:
Soal itu menanyakan hal yang akan terjadi saat gelombang seismik melewati batuan bumi.
Informasi mengenai gelombang seismik bisa ditemukan pada paragraf pertama. Dikatakan bahwa gempa bumi 'ialah setiap guncangan tiba-tiba dari tanah yang disebabkan oleh lewatnya gelombang seismik melalui batuan bumi.' Berdasar pendefinisian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika lempengan bumi menerima gelombang seismik, gempa bumi akan terjadi.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah B.
Soal 5. Topik: General Information
The question is based on the following passage.
TikTok is often applauded for its recommendation system; once it’s finely tuned, the app becomes one of the best scrolling experiences.
My personal theory is that’s why TikTok is so addicting—everything is so perfectly curated to your specific interests, it’s hard to put the phone down once you’re sucked in. However, TikTok’s recommendation algorithm still has its own flaws that the company brings up in its new blog post.
“One of the inherent challenges with recommendation engines is that they can inadvertently limit user experience–what is sometimes referred to as a ‘filter bubble’,” the post reads. It states that by optimizing for personalization and relevance, there is a risk of presenting an increasingly homogenous stream of videos.
Another issue that TikTok takes seriously is not surfacing dangerous content. This is an issue that YouTube in particular has faced criticism over for many years.
According to TikTok, content that has graphic material like medical procedures or “legal consumption of regulated goods,” like alcohol, may not be eligible for recommendation because it could come across as “shocking if surfaced as a recommended video to a general audience”. That’s why many creators on TikTok will upload a video more than once or talk openly about feeling shadow banned over particular content.
On the basis of the passage, it can be predicted that ...
A. Video creators on TikTok will avoid creating dangerous content.
B. TikTok will be considered a safer social media platform compared to YouTube.
C. Videos with sensitive content can only be recommended for a specific scope of viewers.
D. Other social media platforms will look up to TikTok for its good recommendation system.
E. Users will be exposed to topics outside their preferences in their recommendation feeds.
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: A
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan prediksi yang bisa dibuat dari teks bacaan.
Prediksi merupakan simpulan tentang apa yang akan terjadi dalam kaitan dengan sebuah informasi. Walaupun kebenaran atau ketepatannya belum bisa ditentukan, sebuah prediksi yang baik harus punya hubungan logis dengan informasi yang melandasinya.
Pilihan A merupakan sebuah prediksi yang baik sebab pernyataannya berhubungan logis dengan informasi yang disampaikan dalam paragraf ketiga, yakni bahwa TikTok tidak akan merekomendasikan video yang mengandung konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok.
Bila para pembuat video menginginkan video-video mereka banyak ditonton, mereka tentu akan berusaha menghindari konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok.
Pilihan B ialah sebuah prediksi yang tidak baik karena pernyataannya berkaitan dengan persaingan antara TikTok dengan aplikasi lain, YouTube, yang tidak dibahas secara mendalam oleh penulis.
Dengan kata lain, teks bacaan tidak memberi informasi yang cukup tentang strategi YouTube dalam mengatasi permasalahan konten berbahaya sehingga pembaca bisa membandingkannya dengan TikTok.
Pilihan C tidak dapat disebut sebagai sebuah prediksi. Pernyataan ini hanya simpulan tersirat dari informasi yang sudah dicantumkan pada paragraf ketiga, yakni bahwa konten bergrafik seperti prosedur medis tidak memenuhi syarat untuk direkomendasikan karena bisa 'mengejutkan jika direkomendasikan pada khalayak umum'.
Pilihan D merupakan sebuah prediksi yang tidak baik karena alasan yang serupa dengan alasan pada pilihan B. Teks tidak memberikan informasi yang cukup tetapi aplikasi-aplikasi lain untuk dipakai sebagai landasan prediksi mengenai apa yang akan dilakukan oleh aplikasi-aplikasi itu.
Pilihan E juga tak bisa disebut sebagai suatu prediksi sebab menyatakan sesuatu yang kemungkinan besar tidak akan terjadi.
Paragraf kedua menjelaskan sistem rekomendasi TikTok beresiko menampilkan video-video yang homogen sehingga mungkin para pemakai tidak terekspos topik-topik di luar preferensi mereka.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah A.
Soal 6. Topic: Extracting Core Information
The question is based on the following text.
Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism (called Chlamydophila felis). The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes or the upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not treated does it spread to the lungs.
Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body and is not able to survive for long in the environment, spread of infection relies on direct or close contact with an infected cat.
Following infection, the incubation period (the time between infection and development of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.
The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes lining the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis.
In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes swollen and red, making it more visible.
The nictitating membrane or third eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.
Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and cats often keep the affected eye(s) closed.
Many cats remain bright and otherwise appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two days, sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.
What does the text mainly deal with?
A. the process of chlamydia affliction in cats
B. an overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
C. clinical signs of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
D. the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
E. treatments for cats with chlamydia conjunctivitis
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: B
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan gagasan utama teks. Gagasan utama teks bisa disimpulkan dari gagasan utama setiap paragrafnya.
Paragraf pertama menjelaskan definisi feline chlamydial conjunctivitis serta cara penyakit tersebut menyerang kucing.
Paragraf kedua dan ketiga menjelaskan tanda-tanda klinis kucing yang terkena penyakit itu. Jadi, bisa disimpulkan bahwa gagasan utama teks yang tepat ialah gambaran umum mengenai feline chlamydial conjunctivitis (an overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis).
Pilihan A tidak tepat sebab hanya merujuk pada paragraf pertama saja.
Pilihan C tidak tepat sebab teks tidak hanya memuat informasi tentang tanda-tanda klinis dari feline chlamydial conjunctivitis saja, melain proses terinfeksinya kucing dengan penyakit ini.
Pilihan D tidak tepat sebab teks tidak hanya menjabarkan gejala-gejala feline chlamydial conjunctivitis saja.
Pilihan E tidak tepat sebab teks sama sekali tidak memberi informasi tentang cara perawatan untuk kucing dengan chlamydia.
Oleh sebab itu, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah B.
Baca Juga: Contoh Soal Ujian Bahasa Jawa Kelas 12 dengan Kunci Jawaban dan Terjemahan untuk Belajar
Soal 7. Topik: Understanding Specific Information
The question is based on the following text.
Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism (called Chlamydophila felis).
The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes or the upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not treated does it spread to the lungs.
Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body and is not able to survive for long in the environment, spread of infection relies on direct or close contact with an infected cat.
Following infection, the incubation period (the time between infection and development of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.
The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes lining the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis.
In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes swollen and red, making it more visible.
The nictitating membrane or third eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.
Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color.
The eyes are uncomfortable and cats often keep the affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite.
After one or two days, sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.
One of the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is ….
A. eating disorder
B. laboured breathing
C. low body temperature
D. abnormal eye discharge
E. dysfunctional eye membrane
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: D
Pembahasan:
Soal menanyakan salah satu gejala penyakit feline chlamydial conjunctivitis.
Informasi tersebut dapat ditemukan di paragraf kedua dan terakhir. Kedua paragraf tersebut menjelaskan bahwa kucing yang terkena penyakit ini menunjukan tanda-tanda seperti selaput mata memerah dan bengkak, membran niktitan menonjol.
Kemudian juga banyak kotoran mata berwarna kuning atau kehijauan yang cepat mengental, demam, kehilangan nafsu makan, bersin dan pilek.
Di antara 5 pilihan yang tersedia, abnormal eye discharge ialah pilihan yang sesuai dengan informasi itu.
Pilihan A (gangguan makan) tidak tepat. Kehilangan nafsu makan berbeda dengan gangguan makan. Gangguan makan ialah kumpulan berbagai penyakit yang berkaitan dengan perilaku makan yang tidak normal seperti makan berlebih atau memakan sesuatu yang bukan makanan.
Pilihan B (sesak nafas) juga tidak tepat. Tidak ada informasi di teks yang menyebutkan gejala ini.
Soal 8. Topik: General Information
The question is based on the following passage.
Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped.
On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices.
However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities.
Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.
The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs).
Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type.
To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015.
The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium.
The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.
American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.
How does the author organize the ideas in paragraph 1 and 2?
A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies issues stated in paragraph 1.
B. Paragraph 2 contains a solution to the issue addressed in paragraph 1.
C. Paragraph 2 asserts the weakness of hybrid vehicles explained in paragraph 1.
D. Paragraph 2 reveals the reasons behind the research on vehicles introduced in paragraph 1.
E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: E
Pembahasan:
Soal di atas menanyakan kaitan antara paragraf 1 dan paragraf 2 pada teks.
Paragraf 1 membahas mengenai upaya penelitian untuk membandingkan komponen mobil berbahan bakar minyak dengan mobil hibrida.
Penelitian didasarkan ketidakjelasan dampak yang diberikan kedua jenis kendaraan itu terhadap kerentanan rantai pasokan elektronik. Sementara itu, paragraf 2 menjabarkan bagaimana penelitian itu dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian, paragraf 2 menjelaskan lebih lanjut mengenai penelitian yang disebutkan pada paragraf 1 sehingga pilihan E tepat.
Pilihan A (Paragraf 2 mencontohkan masalah yang dinyatakan di paragraf 1) dan pilihan B (Paragraf 2 berisi solusi untuk masalah yang dibahas pada paragraf 1) tidak tepat sebab paragraf kedua tidak memberi contoh ataupun berisi solusi terhadap permasalahan yang disampaikan di paragraf pertama.
Pilihan C (Paragraf 2 menegaskan kelemahan kendaraan hibrida yang dijelaskan dalam paragraf 1) tidak tepat. Pada paragraf pertama tidak disebutkan kelemahan kendaraan hibrida sehingga tidak tepat jika dikatakan paragraf kedua menegaskan kelemahan kendaraan tersebut.
Pilihan D (Paragraf 2 mengungkapkan alasan di balik penelitian tentang kendaraan yang diperkenalkan pada paragraf 1) tidak tepat karena paragraf kedua tidak menyampaikan alasan di balik penelitian yang disampaikan pada paragraf pertama. Alasan tersebut justru disampaikan pada paragraf pertama.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah E.
Soal 9. Topik: Finding Contextual Meaning
The question is based on the following passage.
Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped.
On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices.
However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities.
Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.
The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs).
Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015.
The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium.
The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.
American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.
Which of the following best restates the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?
A. Stricter environmental laws and changing consumer behavior have impacted how people buy hybrid vehicles.
B. Changing consumption patterns and stricter environmental laws have deceived hybrid vehicle buyers.
C. Hybrid vehicle users have been disappointed by environmental rules and eco-friendly vehicle trend.
D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles.
E. Consumer values and tougher environmental rules reduce the purchase of hybrid vehicles.
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan:
Soal di atas bertanya tentang parafrasa yang tepat untuk kalimat yang digarisbawahi pada paragraf 1.
Terjemahan kalimat yang bergaris bawah ialah 'Selain itu, pergeseran perilaku konsumen dan peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat sudah mengakibatkan lebih banyak orang membeli kendaraan hibrida.'
Kalimat bermakna sama dengan kalimat tersebut adalah Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles, yang terjemahannya ialah 'Peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat dan tren pasar yang berubah telah mendorong orang untuk menggunakan kendaraan hibrida.' Dengan begitu, pilihan D tepat.
Pilihan A tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimatnya ialah 'Undang-undang lingkungan yang lebih ketat dan perubahan perilaku konsumen sudah berdampak pada cara orang membeli kendaraan hibrida.'
Pilihan B tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimat ialah 'Perubahan pola konsumsi dan undang-undang lingkungan yang lebih ketat telah menipu pembeli kendaraan hibrida.'
Pilihan C tidaklah tepat. Terjemahannya 'Pengguna kendaraan hibrida sudah dikecewakan oleh peraturan lingkungan dan tren kendaraan ramah lingkungan.'
Pilihan E tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimatnya ialah 'Perilaku konsumen dan peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat mengurangi pembelian kendaraan hibrida.'
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah D.
Baca Juga: Soal Ujian Sekolah Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 12 SMA SMK dengan Kunci Jawaban
Soal 10. Topik: Understanding Specific Information
The question is based on the following passage.
Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped.
On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices.
However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities.
Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.
The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs).
Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015.
The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium.
The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.
American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.
According to the passage, due to the raw components, the buyers will find a hybrid vehicle ....
A. pricey
B. exorbitant
C. invaluable
D. overpriced
E. economical
Jawaban yang tepat ialah: A
Pembahasan:
Soal itu menanyakan informasi yang tepat mengenai pendapat pembeli tentang mobil hibrida berdasar bahan bakunya.
Informasi yang menunjukkan bahan baku mobil hibrida terdapat di paragraf kedua. Pada paragraf tersebut, disampaikan bahwa menurut penelitian, komponen kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi (kalimat: The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks.).
Dengan begitu, bisa diketahui bahwa saat orang-orang membeli kendaraan hibrida, mereka akan mendapati produk itu berharga tinggi sehingga pilihan A tepat.
Pilihan B dan D tidak tepat. Kata exorbitant dan overpriced punya arti 'di atas harga wajar'. Pada teks memang disebut bahwa harga bahan baku kendaraan hibrida tinggi tapi bukan berarti harga tersebut ialah harga wajar.
Pilihan C (tak ternilai) tidaklah tepat. Bahan baku yang berharga tinggi akan membikin kendaraan hibrida juga berharga tinggi, tetapi berharga tinggi bukan berarti tak ternilai.
Pilihan E (ekonomis atau terjangkau) tidak tepat sebab harga bahan baku kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat ialah A.
Demikian tadi contoh soal UTBK literasi Bahasa Inggris dengan kunci jawaban dan pembahasannya, soal pilihan ganda SNBT 2023. Mudah-mudahan membantu pemahaman bacaan Bahasa Inggris.***
